Surabaya SoekarnoHattaTranslation by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, October 1. Bendera Pusaka, the first Indonesian flag, is raised on 1. August 1. 94. 5. It was mid September before news of the declaration of independence spread to the outer islands, and many Indonesians far from the capital Jakarta did not believe it. As the news spread, most Indonesians came to regard themselves as pro Republican, and a mood of revolution swept across the country. External power had shifted it would be weeks before Allied Forces entered Indonesia, and the Dutch were too weakened by World War II. The Japanese, on the other hand, were required by the terms of the surrender to both lay down their arms and maintain order a contradiction that some resolved by handing weapons to Japanese trained Indonesians. The resulting power vacuums in the weeks following the Japanese surrender, created an atmosphere of uncertainty, but also one of opportunity for the Republicans. Watch The Full Fist Of The North Star: Legend Of Toki The Movie here. Many pemuda joined pro Republic struggle groups badan perjuangan. The most disciplined were soldiers from the Japanese formed but disbanded Giyugun PETA and Heiho groups. Many groups were undisciplined, due to both the circumstances of their formation and what they perceived as revolutionary spirit. In the first weeks, Japanese troops often withdrew from urban areas to avoid confrontations. By September 1. 94. Javas largest cities, had been taken over by Republican pemuda who encountered little Japanese resistance. To spread the revolutionary message, pemuda set up their own radio stations and newspapers, and graffiti proclaimed the nationalist sentiment. On most islands, struggle committees and militia were set up. Republican newspapers and journals were common in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surakarta, which fostered a generation of writers known as angkatan 4. Republican leaders struggled to come to terms with popular sentiment some wanted passionate armed struggle others a more reasoned approach. Some leaders, such as the leftist Tan Malaka, spread the idea that this was a revolutionary struggle to be led and won by the Indonesian pemuda. Sukarno and Hatta, in contrast, were more interested in planning out a government and institutions to achieve independence through diplomacy. Pro revolution demonstrations took place in large cities, including one led by Tan Malaka in Jakarta with over 2. Sukarno and Hatta, fearing violence, successfully quelled. By September 1. 94. It was common for ethnic out groups Dutch internees, Eurasian, Ambonese and Chinese and anyone considered to be a spy, to be subjected to intimidation, kidnap, robbery, murder and organised massacres.